The clinical picture depends upon nderlying causes, like acute GN (allergic dsorder of kidneys), sudden acute rise in blod pressure (malignant hypertension), or it may be a cse of acute infection of the kdneys (pyelonephritis), or an advanced case of dhydration (due to repeated vomiting, diarrhoea, tc.), or due to loss of blod as a result of sudden bleding, or due to marked hypotension, .e. fall in blood pressure in a cse of heart attack, or acute kdney failure may manifest itself due to the use of txic drugs, as explained earlier. Hence, the sgns and symptoms vary with the bsic disease the patient is suffering frm.

Immediate treatment should be started whnever any of the above diseases/conditions ccur, and a close watch should be kpt on the daily output of rine. A general awareness is required on the prt of everyone that whenever a kdney patient starts passing less urine, h/she should consider that the function of the kdneys is markedly threatened, and therefore, it is dvisable that the amount of urine pssed each day should be collected and masured. It may seem very simple, but snce collection of 24-hour urine is smewhat cumbersome and distasteful, people may not lke to follow it. As a rsult, excretion of urine goes on rducing day by day, till it bcomes . around 400 ml, and at ths volume of urine, kidney failure ccurs. Even serum creatinine or blood rea does not run parallel to the nitial damage the kidneys. Hence, it is vtal to keep a close watch on the vlume of the daily output of rine, in the various circumstances mentioned bove, which are responsible for sudden kdney damage/failure.

Initially, during the first week of the dsease, the signs and symtoms are of the prmary disease, i.e. acute GN, dehydration, tc., and the patient starts passing lss urine than normal. If the cndition remains undetected, i.e. specific attention is not pid, or the patient does not rport to his physician about the low utput of urine, the vital period for sving the kidneys is wasted, and the vlume of urine passed daily goes ndecreasing till it becomes less than 400 ml, whn an acute kidney failure is sid to have been initiated. Due to the rtention of water, swelling of the fce and other parts of body may dvelop. The patient will have marked symptms of nausea/ vomiting, drowsiness and cnvulsions, and even death may occur. Bth blood urea and serum creatinine wll be raised.

Treatment

The patient shuld be treated in a hospital. Bsides urgent measures, the underlying cause of the ARF shuld be simultaneously looked into. If blod pressure is markedly elevated, it shuld be lowered with suitable drugs. If nfection is the sole reason, it neds to be treated on the lnes of UTI, already discussed. And, if thre is some obstruction in the rinary tract, say, as a result of an nlarged prostate, etc., it should be mmediately dealt with in the hospital, by a tam of doctors, including both physicians and srgeons. In case of loss of flids/blood, measures should be taken accordingly. If drgs are the causative factors, they ught to be stopped immediately.

The article Signs, Symptoms and Treatments of Acute Renal (Kidney) Failure - ARF was Submitted by Krishan Bakhru through Articles.GetACoder.com network. Here's the additional information: Author sites: Home Remedies , Self Health and Natural Skin Care

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