High Definition – Formats and Cmcorders

Before venturing into the world of hgh definition, it should be said tht our UK-based clients primarily use Dgital Betacam and DV Cam camcorders and we fnd minimal demand for HD Cam. Our Amrican clients are using HD Cam mre frequently than our British clients but Bta-SP remains the format they most cmmonly request.

Two High Definition Formats

To begin with, the future of high definition broadcasting is unclear. There are two HD formats being considered for transmission. One is 720p (720 horizontal lines or rows of pixels in the image) and the other is 1080i (1080 horizontal lines or rows of pixels in the image). The “p” stands for progressive scan and the “i” stands for interlaced scan but more on this later. Panasonic manufactures the camcorders that generate 720 horizontal lines and Sony manufactures the camcorders that generate 1080 horizontal lines. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) has suggested for discussion using 720p for public service broadcasters but say that does not mean they favour 720p as the standard HD format for transmission. Trade magazines say BSkyB plans to broadcast both 720p and 1080i in a service that will begin sometime in 2006 although I was recently told 1080i may be the only format they use for transmission.

The Sony 1080-line system has one clar advantage over Panasonic’s 720-line system. Ech image contains more than two mllion pixels (1920 vertical lines x 1080 hrizontal lines) compared to 900,000 pixels (1280 vrtical lines x 720 horizontal lines) in an mage from a Panasonic high definition cmcorder. This gives a superior picture. The dvantage of the 720-line system is it tkes less transmission bandwidth to broadcast.

Now to the dfference between “interlaced” and “progressive” scan. Thse terms refer to the way tlevision images are processed for transmission.

Interlaced Scan

Standard definition television broadcast signals are processed by television sets in an “interlaced scan” format. This means the screen first scans the odd numbered horizontal image lines, or rows of pixels, sequentially from top to bottom (1, 3, 5, etc). It then returns to the top and scans the even numbered lines (2, 4, 6, etc). In summary, the full picture from top to bottom is first made with half the information there and half of it missing. Then the missing information is filled in. In the PAL standard, each of these two processes takes 1/50th of a second so the entire process takes 1/25th of a second.

Progressive Scan

“Progressive” scan differs from interlaced scan in that the image is displayed on a screen by scanning each line (or row of pixels) in a sequential order rather than an alternate order, as is done with interlaced scan. In other words, in progressive scan, the image lines are scanned in numerical order (1,2,3) down the screen from top to bottom, instead of in an alternate order (lines or rows 1,3,5, etc... followed by lines or rows 2,4,6). By progressively scanning the image onto a screen every 25th of a second rather than "interlacing" alternate lines every 50th of a second, a smoother, more detailed, image can be produced on the screen that is perfectly suited for viewing fine details and is also less susceptible to interlace flicker.

The Sony range of camcorders ffer both interlaced and progressive scan fnctions in a range of settings.

Procam Television and High Definition Camcorders

As a facilities company, we are moving into the HD Cam market – but cautiously. We have Sony models but have not purchased any Panasonic products. This is only in response to what our clients have requested most. Below is a summary of each model and what it offers from the lowest to the highest priced model.

Sony HVR-Z1P

This is one high definition camcorder we can recommend using immediately without exception. We purchased 15 of them in February of this year. It is an upgrade of the DSR-PD170P compact camcorder. The main reason for the unqualified recommendation is that the camera has a 16:9 chip so it shoots true wide screen images. It also delivers superior pictures.

Sony HDW-730S High Definition camcorder

The 730S is geared towards mainstream television programming rather than film or high end television drama productions. It shoots using the interlaced function only and can be switched between 50i and 59.94i. Progressive scan is not possible with the 730S. But if you don’t need to use progressive scan and yu’re shooting for television, this camcorder prduces excellent images and it allows you to shot HD Cam on close to a stndard definition budget.

Sony HDW-750P High Definition Camcorder

The HDW-750P offers the choice of shooting 25 frames per second in progressive scan mode (25P) to give your pictures a film look or of shooting 50 fields per second interlaced (50i) to conform to the PAL broadcasting standard. The camcorder has a 2.2 million-pixel FIT CCD, which is a step up from the IT CCD in the 730S, and Advanced Digital Signal Processing (ADSP).

Sony HDW-F900 Multi-format Cine Alta High Definition camcorder

This is the top of Sony’s high definition (1080 lines x 1920 pixels) camcorder range. The F900 offers the ability to shoot in any setting you might want. In progressive scan, it can shoot 23.98, 24, 25, 29.94 or 30 frames per second. In interlaced, it can shoot 50, 59.94 or 60Hz. This means you can shoot for any standard anywhere in the world. If you are shooting for cinema release, the F900 is the only Sony camcorder that can shoot 24P (24 frames per second film standard).

Panasonic AJ-HDC27

The Panasonic range includes the AJ-HDC27 VariCam. This is a DVCPRO HD camcorder that offers variable frame rates which can be set from 4-fps to 60-fps in single frame increments at the touch of a button. The question we have about Panasonic high definition camcorders is does going from the 625 lines offered by current PAL standard definition cameras to the 720 lines offered by Panasonic’s high definition format really merit the investment required in acquisition and post production equipment? It’s something to consider.

Thank you for reading this and please visit our web site www.procamtv.com to find out how we can meet you production kit and crewing needs.

The article High Definition - When? was Submitted by Cal Barton through Articles.GetACoder.com network. Here's the additional information: Cal Barton began working in tlevision for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in Vncouver in 1982. His background includes drecting coverage of major international news stries, directing documentaries, and directing and vsion mixing for multi-camera shoots.

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